US bank failures totaled 2 institutions in the first half of 2026, matching the calendar-year pace of 2 failures in 2025 and 2 failures in 2024. The FDIC counted 4,278 FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions in its Q1 2026 Quarterly Banking Profile released May 27, 2026.
The post-2023 calm is real, yet the DIF is still rebuilding from the 2023 cluster. The figures below cover FDIC counts since 2008, per-bank fund expense for the 2023 stress window, the current DIF balance and reserve ratio, and the Problem Bank List trajectory through Q1 2026.
Key Takeaways
- Just 2 US bank failures have hit the FDIC’s Failed Bank List in 2026 year-to-date, alongside 2 failures in 2025 and 2 failures in 2024.
- The five 2023 failures (Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, First Republic Bank, Heartland Tri-State Bank, Citizens Bank) cost the FDIC DIF approximately $34.59 billion in aggregate.
- The DIF balance stood at $157.4 billion on March 31, 2026, up $3.6 billion from the prior quarter.
- The DIF ratio reached 1.43% at Q1 2026, 12 basis points higher than the year-ago quarter and up 1 basis point during the first quarter.
- SVB held approximately $209.0 billion in assets when it failed on March 10, 2023.
- The FDIC Problem list sat at 54 banks at Q1 2026, equivalent to approximately 1.3% of total FDIC-insured institutions and down a net of 6 from the prior quarter.
- Cumulative US bank failures and assistance transactions in the FDIC dataset total 4,115 records, with 478 clustered in the 2008-2012 Global Financial Crisis era alone.
Editor’s Choice
- FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions: 4,278 at Q1 2026.
- Deposit Insurance Fund balance: $157.4 billion on March 31, 2026.
- Silicon Valley Bank assets at failure on March 10, 2023: approximately $209.0 billion.
- First Republic Bank assets at failure on May 1, 2023: approximately $212.6 billion.
- Signature Bank cost to the DIF at failure on March 12, 2023: $0.
- US bank failure peak year count: 157 failures in 2010.
- Washington Mutual assets at failure on September 25, 2008: approximately $307 billion, the largest US bank failure ever by assets.
US Bank Failures Marquee Data
- FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions at Q1 2026: 4,278.
- US bank failures year-to-date 2026: 2 institutions (Metropolitan Capital Bank and Trust; Community Bank and Trust – West Georgia).
- DIF balance on March 31, 2026: $157.4 billion.
- DIF ratio at Q1 2026: 1.43%, 12 basis points higher than the year-ago quarter.
- Aggregate FDIC-insured industry net income Q1 2026: $80.5 billion, up $2.8 billion (3.6%) from the prior quarter.
- Return on assets ratio across FDIC-insured institutions Q1 2026: 1.26%.
- Q1 2026 assessment revenue inflow to the fund: $3.1 billion.
- All-time FDIC bank failures and assistance transactions in the dataset: 4,115 records.
| Marquee figure | Value | Date / period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FDIC-insured institutions | 4,278 | Q1 2026 | FDIC QBP |
| Net income (industry) | $80.5 billion | Q1 2026 | FDIC QBP |
| Return on assets | 1.26% | Q1 2026 | FDIC QBP |
| DIF balance | $157.4 billion | March 31, 2026 | FDIC QBP speech |
| DIF ratio | 1.43% | Q1 2026 | FDIC QBP speech |
| Problem Bank List | 54 banks | Q1 2026 | FDIC QBP speech |
| 2026 YTD failures | 2 | Through June 24, 2026 | FDIC Failed Bank List |
Source: US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Quarterly Banking Profile Q1 2026, FDIC Failed list
Methodology
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation maintains the Failed Bank List documenting institutions that have closed since October 1, 2000, and publishes per-institution receivership records via the FDIC Bank Data API. Figures here were extracted June 24, 2026, from FDIC primary sources, including the Q1 2026 Quarterly Banking Profile dated May 27, 2026. Refresh cadence is quarterly.
By the numbers: Across 4,278 FDIC-insured institutions at Q1 2026, only 2 banks have failed so far in 2026 while the DIF holds $157.4 billion, with a reserve ratio of 1.43%, 12 basis points higher than the year-ago quarter.
US Bank Failures by Year 2008 to 2026
- 2008 calendar-year failures, FDIC API: 30 records, including IndyMac Bank F.S.B. with a DIF cost of approximately $11.98 billion, and Washington Mutual Bank with approximately $307 billion in assets at the time of failure.
- 2009: 148 FDIC-insured institutions failed, the second-highest single-year count of the GFC era.
- 2010: 157 failures, the peak year for US bank failures during the Global Financial Crisis era.
- 2008-2012 cumulative: 478 failures across the GFC window, averaging about 96 failures per year.
- 2023: five US banks failed, the cluster that included SVB, Signature Bank, First Republic Bank, Heartland Tri-State Bank, and Citizens Bank.
- 2024: 2 failures (Republic Bank in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; The First National Bank of Lindsay in Lindsay, Oklahoma).
- 2025: 2 failures (Pulaski Savings Bank in Chicago, Illinois; The Santa Anna National Bank in Santa Anna, Texas).
- 2026 year-to-date: 2 failures (Metropolitan Capital Bank and Trust in Chicago, Illinois; Community Bank and Trust – West Georgia in LaGrange, Georgia).
- All-time cumulative in the FDIC dataset: 4,115 records spanning the modern post-1934 era through the most recent extraction.
Recent Developments in US Bank Failures
- 2026-05-27: FDIC released its Q1 2026 Quarterly Banking Profile, reporting 4,278 insured institutions, aggregate net income of $80.5 billion, and a return on assets ratio of 1.26%.
- 2026-05-01: Community Bank and Trust – West Georgia in LaGrange, Georgia, failed and was acquired by Anchor Bank, the second US bank failure of 2026.
- 2026-01-30: Metropolitan Capital Bank and Trust in Chicago, Illinois, failed with an estimated DIF cost of approximately $19.65 million; First Independence Bank acquired the deposits.
- 2025-06-27: The Santa Anna National Bank in Santa Anna, Texas, failed with an estimated DIF cost of approximately $23.46 million.
- 2025-01-17: Pulaski Savings Bank in Chicago, Illinois, failed with an estimated DIF cost of approximately $31.15 million.
The Five 2023 Bank Failures Compared
- Silicon Valley Bank, Santa Clara, California, failed on March 10, 2023, with total assets of approximately $209.0 billion and total deposits of approximately $175.4 billion; estimated cost to the fund was approximately $18.89 billion.
- Signature Bank, New York, New York, failed on March 12, 2023, with total assets of approximately $110.4 billion and total deposits of approximately $88.6 billion; estimated cost to the DIF was $0.
- First Republic Bank, San Francisco, California, failed May 1, 2023, with total assets of approximately $212.6 billion and total deposits of approximately $176.4 billion; estimated DIF cost was approximately $15.64 billion.
- Heartland Tri-State Bank, Elkhart, Indiana, failed July 28, 2023, with assets of $139.4 million and deposits of $130.1 million; DIF cost was $43.408 million.
- Citizens Bank, Sac City, Iowa, failed on November 3, 2023, with assets of $60.4 million and deposits of $52.3 million; DIF cost was $14.114 million.
- Combined DIF cost for 2023 totals approximately $34.59 billion across five institutions; combined assets exceed $540 billion.
| Bank | Assets at failure ($) |
|---|---|
| First Republic Bank | 212600000000 |
| Silicon Valley Bank | 209000000000 |
| Signature Bank | 110400000000 |
| Heartland Tri-State Bank | 139400000 |
| Citizens Bank | 60400000 |
Source: FDIC.gov banks data API 2023
The takeaway: Five US banks failed in 2023 with combined assets above $540 billion and combined fund outlay of approximately $34.59 billion, three of them ranked among the largest US bank failures by assets in the modern era, while Signature’s $0 fund cost set the year apart from a pure-loss reading of the cluster.
The 2023 count-versus-cost reading flipped the historical pattern. Five failures sound modest against 2010’s 157, yet the dollar concentration in three large California and New York institutions is the lasting line.
SVB Failure Statistics
- Silicon Valley Bank failed on March 10, 2023, the first of five US bank failures recorded by the FDIC API for calendar 2023.
- Total assets at failure: approximately $209.0 billion.
- Total deposits at failure: approximately $175.4 billion.
- Estimated cost to the DIF: approximately $18.89 billion.
- Headquarters at the time of failure: Santa Clara, California.
| SVB metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Failure date | March 10, 2023 |
| Total assets | approximately $209.0 billion |
| Total deposits | approximately $175.4 billion |
| Estimated fund outlay | approximately $18.89 billion |
| Headquarters | Santa Clara, California |
Source: US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation failures dataset 2023
SVB’s resolution sits as the most expensive failure in modern FDIC records outside of IndyMac.
What was the cost of the Silicon Valley Bank collapse to the agency?
SVB’s failure cost the DIF approximately $18.89 billion, the largest single-institution DIF outlay since IndyMac in 2008. The figure reflects FDIC’s estimated cost on the calendar 2023 record of approximately $18.89 billion in the FDIC banks data API and accompanies the bank’s approximately $209.0 billion in assets and approximately $175.4 billion in deposits at the time of receivership.
First Republic Bank Failure Statistics
- First Republic Bank failed on May 1, 2023, roughly two months after Silicon Valley Bank.
- Total assets at failure: approximately $212.6 billion, the largest of the five 2023 failures by assets.
- Total deposits at failure: approximately $176.4 billion.
- Estimated cost to the fund: approximately $15.64 billion.
- Headquarters at the time of failure: San Francisco, California.
| First Republic metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Failure date | May 1, 2023 |
| Total assets | approximately $212.6 billion |
| Total deposits | approximately $176.4 billion |
| Estimated fund outlay | approximately $15.64 billion |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, California |
Source: FDIC banks data API 2023
First Republic exceeded SVB in assets but cost the DIF less.
Signature Bank Failure Statistics
- Signature Bank failed on March 12, 2023, two days after SVB.
- Total assets at failure: approximately $110.4 billion.
- Total deposits at failure: approximately $88.6 billion.
- Estimated cost to the DIF: $0, the only one of the five 2023 failures with a zero DIF cost.
- Headquarters at the time of failure: New York, New York.
| Signature metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Failure date | March 12, 2023 |
| Total assets | approximately $110.4 billion |
| Total deposits | approximately $88.6 billion |
| Estimated fund outlay | $0 |
| Headquarters | New York, New York |
Source: US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation failures dataset 2023
Largest US Bank Failures in History
- Washington Mutual Bank failed on September 25, 2008, with approximately $307 billion in assets at the time, making it the largest US bank failure ever by assets; the cost to the fund was recorded as zero dollars because JPMorgan Chase acquired Washington Mutual without an FDIC outlay.
- First Republic Bank, May 1, 2023, has approximately $212.6 billion in assets.
- Silicon Valley Bank, March 10, 2023, approximately $209.0 billion in assets.
- Signature Bank, March 12, 2023, approximately $110.4 billion in assets.
- IndyMac Bank F.S.B. failed July 11, 2008, with an estimated cost to the DIF of approximately $11.98 billion, the largest DIF outlay among the 2008 cohort.
- ANB Financial National Association, Bentonville, Arkansas, failed May 9, 2008, with a DIF cost of approximately $1.03 billion.
| Bank | Failure year | Assets at close ($) |
|---|---|---|
| Washington Mutual | 2008 | 307000000000 |
| First Republic Bank | 2023 | 212600000000 |
| Silicon Valley Bank | 2023 | 209000000000 |
| Signature Bank | 2023 | 110400000000 |
| IndyMac Bank | 2008 | 32000000000 |
Source: US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation banks data API and FDIC press release archive
WaMu leads on assets, IndyMac on fund expense. The digital transformation in banking data tracks how the survivors restructured after.
Cost of Bank Failures to the agency DIF
- Aggregate 2023 fund cost across five failures: approximately $34.59 billion.
- Aggregate 2024 fund outlay across two failures: approximately $757.5 million.
- Aggregate 2025 fund outlay across two failures: approximately $54.6 million.
- 2026 YTD fund outlay from the first disclosed 2026 failure: approximately $19.65 million for Metropolitan Capital Bank and Trust; the Community Bank and Trust – West Georgia DIF cost was not yet disclosed at extraction time.
- 2008 anchor. IndyMac fund expense: approximately $11.98 billion.
- 2008 ANB Financial National Association fund outlay: approximately $1.03 billion.
- 2008 Silver State Bank fund cost: approximately $722 million.
| Year | fund outlay ($) |
|---|---|
| 2008 (IndyMac alone) | 11980000000 |
| 2023 | 34590000000 |
| 2024 | 757500000 |
| 2025 | 54600000 |
| 2026 YTD | 19650000 |
Source: FDIC failures dataset 2008-2026
The 2023 to 2024 step-down in fund outlay is among the largest year-over-year shifts in the modern dataset; the count-versus-cost decoupling shows up across neobank industry growth data, too.
FDIC DIF Balance and Reserve Ratio
- DIF balance on March 31, 2026: $157.4 billion, up $3.6 billion from the fourth quarter.
- Q1 2026 assessment revenue inflow: $3.1 billion.
- DIF reserve ratio at Q1 2026: 1.43%, 12 basis points higher than the year-ago quarter.
- Quarterly change in ratio: 1 basis point increase in the first quarter.
- Q1 2026 movement in the ratio: increased 1 basis point during the quarter to 1.43%.
Why it matters: The DIF ratio at 1.43% is up 1 basis point during the quarter and 12 basis points higher than the year-ago quarter, with $3.1 billion in assessment revenue contributing to the $3.6 billion quarter-over-quarter rebuild, the recovery arc on the dollar side that pairs with the low calendar-year failure counts.
FDIC Problem Bank List Trend
- Problem Bank List count at Q1 2026: 54 banks, down a net of 6 from the prior quarter.
- Share of total FDIC-insured institutions: approximately 1.3%, a level regulators characterize as within normal ranges.
- CAMELS composite rating threshold for inclusion: composite rating of 4 or 5.
- Quarter-over-quarter movement: net decline of 6 institutions.
| Problem list | Value |
|---|---|
| Banks on list | 54 |
Source: US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Quarterly Banking Profile speech Q1 2026
Total assets for the list were retired in Q4 2024, citing disorderly-run risk. The bank count is public, but the aggregate dollar figure most aggregator pages still cite is stale. Cross-check banking statistics accordingly.
US Bank Failures During the Global Financial Crisis Era
- Cumulative 2008-2012 US bank failures: 478 institutions.
- Annual average across the GFC window: about 96 failures per year, an order of magnitude above the post-2014 normal rate of zero to five failures per year.
- 2010 peak count: 157 failures, the highest single-year count since the savings-and-loan crisis of the early 1990s.
- 2009 second-highest count: 148 institutions.
- IndyMac was the largest GFC-era fund expense: approximately $11.98 billion on July 11, 2008.
- Washington Mutual was the largest GFC-era failure by assets: approximately $307 billion on September 25, 2008, with zero DIF cost because JPMorgan Chase acquired Washington Mutual without an FDIC outlay.
The GFC era’s profile sits opposite the 2023 cluster: hundreds of community-bank failures, anchored by WaMu on assets and IndyMac on fund cost. The G-SIB capital framework and post-Dodd-Frank capital rules trace back to this window.
Is the FDIC Problem Bank List public?
Yes, the count is public, but the aggregate total-assets line was retired beginning Q4 2024. The FDIC’s Q1 2026 Quarterly Banking Profile lists 54 banks with a CAMELS composite rating of 4 or 5, equivalent to approximately 1.3% of total FDIC-insured institutions and down a net of 6 from the prior quarter. The decision was a transparency trade-off; the FDIC cited disorderly-run risk.
What is the agency DIF reserve ratio?
The DIF ratio is the ratio of the DIF balance to estimated insured deposits. At Q1 2026, the ratio reached 1.43%, 12 basis points higher than the year-ago quarter and up 1 basis point during the quarter. The Q1 2026 reading continues the recovery as the fund rebuilds from 2023 stress, pairing with banking API adoption data on modernization.
What was the largest bank failure in US history?
Washington Mutual Bank, which failed on September 25, 2008, with approximately $307 billion in assets at the time, making it the largest US bank failure ever by assets. Cost to the DIF was recorded as zero dollars because JPMorgan Chase acquired Washington Mutual without an FDIC outlay, a structural feature that distinguishes WaMu from the 2023 cluster despite the larger asset size.
Conclusion
The bank failures picture at mid-2026 reads as two parallel stories: a quiet calendar-year pace across 2 YTD failures, 2 in 2025 and 2 in 2024, set against 4,278 FDIC-insured institutions; and a DIF at $157.4 billion still rebuilding from the 2023 regional-bank cluster that cost approximately $34.59 billion in a single calendar year. The count-versus-cost decoupling is the structural read across this dataset; count alone no longer tracks system stress.
