---
title: "Revolut vs Wise Statistics 2026: Customers and Profit"
date: 2026-05-15
author: "Barry Elad"
featured_image: "https://coinlaw.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/revolut-vs-wise-statistics.jpg"
categories:
  - name: "Fintech"
    url: "/fintech.md"
tags:
  - name: "Statistics"
    url: "/tag/statistics.md"
---

# Revolut vs Wise Statistics 2026: Customers and Profit

According to [Revolut](https://coinlaw.io/revolut-statistics/), the firm closed calendar-year 2024 with 52.5 million retail customers and revenue in 2024 of £3.1 billion, with Profit Before Tax up 149% to £1,089 million; per [Wise](https://coinlaw.io/wise-statistics/), the cross-border fintech reported 15.6 million active customers in its April-fiscal FY25, roughly one-third of the Revolut retail base. According to Companies House and London Stock Exchange filings, the two cross-border fintechs file on different calendars, hold different licences, and measure transaction volume in non-comparable ways, yet they show up side by side in every “best money app” comparison search.

## Key Takeaways

- According to Revolut, the firm reported **52.5 million** retail customers in FY24, up 38% YoY against Wise’s **15.6 million** active customers in FY25 (+21% YoY), a customer-base ratio of roughly **3.4x**.
- According to Revolut, FY24 revenue reached **£3.1 billion**, up 72% YoY, while per Wise plc, FY25 underlying income grew 16% YoY to **£1.4 billion**, with the difference partly reflecting product mix.
- According to Revolut, the firm posted **£1,089 million** profit before tax (+149% YoY); per Wise plc, Wise posted **£282 million** of underlying profit before tax (+17% YoY) at an underlying margin of **21%**.
- According to Revolut, the firm processed **£1 trillion** in transaction volume in FY24 (+52%); per Wise plc, Wise processed **£145.2 billion** in cross-border volume in FY25 (+23% YoY), with the two figures measuring different products.
- Revolut total customer balances reached **£30.2 billion** in FY24 (+66%); Wise customers are now holding more than **£21.5 billion** (+33% YoY) through the account in cash and Assets.
- According to CNBC, Revolut Bank UK Ltd holds a full UK banking licence from the PRA, existing mobilisation on **11 March 2026**; per Wise plc, Wise operates in a highly regulated environment with over 70 licences globally; customers hold more than £21.5 billion through the account in cash and Assets.
- Wise customers can hold **over 40 currencies** through the Wise Account and Wise Business; Revolut tier pricing ranges from Standard (Free) to Ultra (€55-€60/month with introductory pricing).

## Editor’s Choice

- Revolut monthly transactions reached **940 million** in FY24, up 59% YoY from 590 million in 2023.
- Wise H1 FY26 reported **74%** of transfers now completed instantly and an average cross-border take rate at **52 bps**.
- Revolut paid plans saw adoption grow by **45%** in 2024 as new partner benefits rolled out.
- Wise H1 FY26 (six months ended 30 September 2025) reported active customers have grown 18% to **13.4 million,** and customer holdings have exceeded **£25 billion** (+37%).
- Revolut Bank UK Ltd’s exit from mobilisation extends FSCS deposit protection up to £120,000 to **13 million** UK users.
- Wise H1 FY26 disclosed operating across **over 70 licences globally** and direct participation in **7 domestic payment systems**.
- Revolut FY24 documented operating as a Licensed Bank in **30 Countries** and ranked #1 Finance App in **19 European Countries** by downloads in 2024.

## Recent Developments

- **11 March 2026**: Revolut Bank UK Ltd secured full UK banking licence approval from the Prudential Regulation Authority, exiting mobilisation and granting FSCS deposit protection up to £120,000 for Revolut’s 13 million UK users.
- **6 November 2025**: Wise plc reported H1 FY26 results: active customers have grown 18% to 13.4 million, cross-border volume has grown 24% to nearly £85 billion, customer holdings have exceeded £25 billion with growth of 37%, and the underlying profit before tax margin landed at 16.3%.
- **October 2025**: Wise secured regulatory approvals from the Central Bank of the UAE to bring its products to the country.
- **July 2025**: Wise US, Inc. agreed to pay a $4.2 million penalty as part of the consent order with the Multi-State MSB Examination Taskforce.
- **5 June 2025**: Wise plc filed FY25 audited preliminary results showing 15.6 million active customers (+21% YoY), £145.2 billion in cross-border volume (+23%), and £282 million underlying profit before tax (+17%).
- **Calendar year 2024**: Revolut Group Holdings disclosed 52.5 million retail customers (+38%), £3.1 billion in revenue (+72%), and £1,089 million in profit before tax (+149%) in its consolidated annual report.

## Methodology and Reporting Periods

The two firms file on different calendars, so a clean side-by-side requires picking the freshest disclosed figure on each metric. Revolut Group Holdings Ltd reports on a calendar year; FY24 covers the **twelve months ending 31 December 2024** in its consolidated annual report. Wise plc reports on an April-fiscal year; FY25 covers the **twelve months ended 31 March 2025** and was announced as audited preliminary results on 5 June 2025. Wise’s most recent disclosed window is H1 FY26, the unaudited interim results for the **six months ended 30 September 2025**, published on 6 November 2025.

For metrics where Wise has filed a fresher half-year number, the comparison uses Wise H1 FY26 alongside Revolut FY24 audited; for full-year continuity, FY24 (Revolut) sits beside FY25 (Wise). All figures are in GBP except Revolut tier pricing (EUR) and the Wise US penalty (USD).

FilingPeriod coveredFiling dateSource venueRevolut Group Holdings Annual ReportTwelve months ended 31 DecemberCompanies House filingCompanies House (Registered number 12743269)Wise plc FY25 Preliminary ResultsTwelve months ended 31 MarchAudited preliminary resultsLondon Stock Exchange (LSE: WISE)Wise plc H1 FY26 Interim ResultsSix months ended 30 SeptemberUnaudited interim resultsLondon Stock Exchange (LSE: WISE)## Customer Count: Revolut vs Wise

- Revolut FY24 retail customers reached **52.5 million**, up 38% from 38.0 million in 2023.
- Wise FY25 active customers reached **15.6 million** (+21% YoY), with Personal customers growing by 22% and Business customers up 11%.
- Wise H1 FY26 (six months ended 30 September 2025) active customers have grown 18% to **13.4 million**.
- **Wise FY24 baseline:** **12.8 million** active customers in the year ended 31 March 2024 (+29% YoY).
- Revolut FY24 retail customers exceed Wise FY25 active customers by roughly **3.4x**.
- Revolut earned the **50 million** customer milestone celebration in London during 2024, marking its 4th consecutive year of profitability.
- Revolut FY24 documented operating as a Licensed Bank in **30 Countries** and ranked #1 Finance App in 19 European Countries by downloads in 2024.

MetricRevolutWisePeriodRetail / active customers52.5 million15.6 millionFY24 / FY25YoY growth+38%+21%FY24 / FY25Latest half-year disclosedn/a13.4 millionH1 FY26 (6 mo to 30 Sep 2025)Prior-year baseline38.0 million (2023)12.8 million (FY24)n/a## Revenue and Income

- Revolut FY24 revenue reached **£3.1 billion**, up 72% year over year.
- Wise FY25 underlying income reached **£1.4 billion** (+16% YoY) and revenue reached **£1.2 billion** (+15% YoY); the prior-year FY24 underlying income was £1.2 billion.
- Wise H1 FY26 underlying income has grown 13% to **£749.5 million**.
- Revenue per customer for Revolut FY24 lands at roughly **£59** against the £3.1 billion top line and 52.5 million retail customers.
- Revenue per active customer for Wise FY25 lands at roughly **£90** against the £1.4 billion underlying income and 15.6 million active customers.
- Wise reduced its cross-border take rate by **14bps** from Q4 FY2024 to Q4 FY2025, alongside operational efficiencies and a significant effort to reduce prices for customers.
- Wise H1 FY26 average cross-border take rate is at **52 bps**, with 74% of transfers now completed instantly.
- **65%** of Wise payments are now instant per the FY25 disclosure.

![Revolut vs Wise Revenue and Income Comparison](https://coinlaw.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/revolut-vs-wise-revenue-and-income-comparison.jpg "Revolut vs Wise Revenue and Income Comparison")

> **By the numbers:** Revolut Group Holdings delivered £3.1 billion in FY24 revenue per its consolidated annual report, against Wise plc’s £1.4 billion underlying income for FY25 per the LSE-filed preliminary results.

## Profit Before Tax and Profitability Margin

- Revolut FY24 profit before tax reached **£1,089 million**, up 149% YoY; Net Profit was **£790 million**, up 130% YoY.
- Wise FY25 underlying profit before tax was **£282 million** (+17% YoY), equivalent to an underlying profit before tax margin of **21%**; reported profit before tax rose to **£565 million** (+17%) with basic earnings per share of 40.37p.
- Wise FY24 baseline: Underlying profit before tax **£242 million**, with an underlying PBT margin of 21%, and reported profit before tax £481.4 million (+229% YoY).
- Wise H1 FY26 underlying profit before tax margin has been delivered at the top end of the 13-16% target range, with H1 underlying PBT margin of **16.3%**.
- Revolut’s pre-tax margin for FY24 works out to approximately 0.35 on a £1,089 million PBT and £3.1 billion revenue base.
- Revolut described FY24 as its 4th consecutive year of profitability, alongside accelerated product adoption and improved economics.

![Revolut And Wise Profit Metrics Breakdown](https://coinlaw.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/revolut-and-wise-profit-metrics-breakdown.jpg "Revolut and Wise Profit Metrics Breakdown")

## Transaction Volume and Cross-Border Volume

- Revolut FY24 transaction volume reached **£1 trillion**, up 52% in 2024.
- Revolut FY24 monthly transactions reached **940 million**, up 59% from 590 million in 2023.
- Wise FY25 cross-border volume reached **£145.2 billion**, up 23% YoY, processing approximately £145 billion in cross-border transactions for over 15 million people and businesses.
- Wise H1 FY26 cross-border volume has grown 24% to **nearly £85 billion**.
- Wise H1 FY26 cross-border volume of nearly £85 billion already exceeds half of FY25’s full-year £145.2 billion total.
- Wise FY24 baseline cross-border volume was **£118.5 billion**, up 13% YoY.
- Revolut’s £1 trillion FY24 transaction volume against £30.2 billion in customer balances implies a roughly **33x** velocity ratio.
- Wise saved customers around **£2 billion** in fiscal year 2025, processing approximately £145 billion in cross-border transactions.
- Wise is now a direct participant in **7 domestic payment systems**, most recently Pix in Brazil, and will complete its eighth with Zengin in Japan.

![Revolut vs Wise Volume Growth](https://coinlaw.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/revolut-vs-wise-volume-growth.jpg "Revolut vs Wise Volume Growth")

> **Why it matters:** Revolut’s £1 trillion in FY24 transaction volume captures everyday spending, internal moves, and cross-border activity across the platform. Wise’s £145.2 billion in FY25 is exclusively cross-border, processing approximately £145 billion in cross-border transactions. The two volume numbers measure different products and should not be subtracted, ratioed, or treated as a like-for-like delta.

## Customer Balances and Holdings

- Revolut FY24 Total Customer Balances reached **£30.2 billion**, up 66% from £18.2 billion in 2023.
- Wise FY25 customers are now holding more than **£21.5 billion** (+33% YoY) through the account, in cash and Assets.
- Wise H1 FY26 customer holdings have exceeded **£25 billion**, with growth of 37%.
- Around **50%** of Wise personal customers and **60%** of business customers now use multiple features within their Wise account.
- Revolut savings products drew in **£9.8 billion** in deposits in 2024, with Flexible Cash Funds expanded to over 30 countries.
- Wise’s H1 customer holdings sit alongside the around **£2 billion** the firm reported saving customers in fiscal year 2025.

![Revolut vs Wise Balance Growth](https://coinlaw.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/revolut-vs-wise-balance-growth.jpg "Revolut vs Wise Balance Growth")

## Supported Currencies and Countries

- Wise customers can hold **over 40 currencies** through the Wise Account and Wise Business, moving money between countries and spending money abroad.
- Wise H1 FY26 confirmed direct participation in **7 domestic payment systems**, with the most recent being Pix in Brazil and Zengin in Japan to follow.
- Wise secured regulatory approvals from the Central Bank of the UAE in **October 2025**, bringing its products to the country.
- Revolut FY24 disclosed operating as a Licensed Bank in **30 Countries**.
- Revolut was the **\#1 Finance App** in 19 European Countries by downloads in 2024.
- Revolut’s Flexible Cash Funds expanded to **over 30 countries** during 2024 alongside the savings-products rollout.
- Wise expanded business currency coverage to **over 20 currencies** and introduced Quickpay, the QR-code feature for receiving money.

CapabilityRevolutWiseCurrencies held in accountnot separately disclosedover 40Business currency coveragenot separately disclosedover 20Direct payment-system participationnot disclosed7 with Zengin to followLicensed-bank country footprint30 Countriesnot applicable (EMI in GB)Top finance app rankings\#1 in 19 European Countries (downloads, 2024)not applicable## Regulatory Licences and Authorisations

- Wise H1 FY26 disclosed operating in a highly regulated environment and holding **over 70 licences globally**.
- Revolut Bank UK Ltd received full UK banking licence approval from the Prudential Regulation Authority on **11 March 2026**, exiting mobilisation to launch as a regulated bank.
- The mobilisation period for Revolut lasted **over 20 months**, significantly longer than the typical 12 months, after the firm began the application process in 2021.
- Revolut originally received its UK banking licence with restrictions from the Prudential Regulation Authority on **July 25, 2024**, entering the PRA’s mobilisation stage with restrictions including a £50,000 cap on total customer deposits during the build-out period.
- Revolut FY24 documented operations as a Licensed Bank in **30 Countries**.
- Wise US, Inc. agreed to pay a **$4.2 million penalty** as part of the consent order in July 2025, following a Multi-State MSB Examination Taskforce review.
- Wise secured regulatory approvals from the Central Bank of the UAE in **October 2025**.

JurisdictionRevolutWiseUnited KingdomFull UK banking licence (Revolut Bank UK Ltd, PRA, 11 Mar 2026)Electronic Money Institution (EMI) authorisationGlobal licence countnot consolidated as a single figureover 70 licences globallyUnited Statesactive applications and operations$4.2 million penalty (MMET consent order, Jul 2025)United Arab Emiratesnot specifically disclosedregulatory approvals from Central Bank of UAE (Oct 2025)Country-level bank operations30 Countriesnot applicable (EMI model)## Depositor Protection: FSCS vs EMI Safeguarding

- Revolut Bank UK Ltd’s full UK banking licence grants FSCS deposit protection up to £120,000 for Revolut’s 13 million UK users.
- In Revolut’s mobilisation phase that began **July 25, 2024**, the PRA’s restrictions included a **£50,000** cap on total customer deposits, a build-out limit, not a per-customer FSCS figure.
- Wise customers hold **more than £21.5 billion** through the account in cash and Assets.
- The two regimes differ in mechanism: FSCS is the UK government-backed deposit insurance scheme that compensates eligible depositors of failed authorised banks. EMI safeguarding is a regulatory regime in which customer funds are segregated and held in safeguarding accounts at credit institutions, not insured against firm failure by FSCS.
- Wise customers benefit from EMI safeguarding across the same account architecture that grew to more than £25 billion in customer holdings by H1 FY26.
- Revolut’s FSCS milestone is dated to the PRA’s full-licence approval on 11 March 2026, the point at which the £50,000 mobilisation cap fell away and the Revolut Bank UK Ltd entity became eligible to offer FSCS-protected deposits.

Protection mechanismRevolut UKWise GBRegimeFSCS deposit protection (post 11 March 2026)EMI safeguarding (segregated funds)Coverage figure citedup to £120,000not insured by FSCSCustomer base affected13 million UK usersUK customers holding the GB EMI accountUnderlying entityRevolut Bank UK LtdWise Payments Ltd (GB EMI)Effective date11 March 2026 (PRA full licence)continuous since EMI authorisation> **Why it matters:** FSCS deposit protection up to £120,000 applies to Revolut Bank UK Ltd’s 13 million UK users following the PRA’s full-licence approval on 11 March 2026. EMI safeguarding applies to Wise GB customers holding more than £21.5 billion through the Wise account in cash and Assets. Naming the mechanism on each side, rather than ranking them, is the YMYL discipline.

## Pricing Plans and Fee Structure

- Revolut offers five plans: Standard (Free), Plus (€3.99/month), Premium (€8.99-€9.99/month depending on region), Metal (€15.99-€18.99/month), and Ultra (€55-€60/month with introductory pricing).
- Revolut fee-free ATM withdrawals scale by tier: Standard has **€200/month** or 5 withdrawals, Plus €200/month, Premium €400/month, Metal €800/month, and Ultra €2,000/month.
- Revolut RevPoints rewards vary by plan: Standard and Plus earn **1 point per €10** spent, Premium at 1 point per €4 spent, Metal at 1 point per €2 spent, and Ultra at 1 point per €1 spent.
- Revolut savings on [international transfer](https://coinlaw.io/money-transfer-industry-statistics/) fees include Standard, 20% discount, Plus 40% discount, Premium, Metal, and Ultra, offering free transfers.
- Revolut paid plans saw adoption grow by **45%** as new partner benefits rolled out across tiers.
- With Wise Account and Wise Business, customers can hold **over 40 currencies**, move money between countries, and spend money abroad.
- Wise H1 FY26 average cross-border take rate is at **52 bps**, with 74% of transfers now completed instantly.
- Wise FY25 reduced its cross-border take rate by **14bps** from Q4 FY2024 to Q4 FY2025, alongside operational efficiencies.

Cost elementRevolutWisePricing modelTiered subscription (5 plans)Pay-as-you-go (no subscription tiers)Entry tierStandard (Free)not applicable (no subscription)Top tierUltra (€55-€60/month, introductory pricing)not applicableCross-border take ratenot disclosed as bps52 bps (H1 FY26 average)Take-rate trajectorynot disclosed14bps reduction Q4 FY2024 to Q4 FY2025Free transfers (qualifying)Premium / Metal / Ultranot applicable (fee per transfer)ATM fee-free monthly cap (Standard tier)€200/month or 5 withdrawalsnot applicable## Product Breadth and Ecosystem

- Revolut FY24 disclosed adding Bonds and European ETFs for passive investors, plus CFD trading and a separate investment app, Revolut Invest, for advanced traders.
- Revolut UK became registered as an investment firm in 2024, allowing the launch of more innovative investment products.
- Revolut savings products drew in **£9.8 billion** in deposits in 2024, with Flexible Cash Funds expanded to over 30 countries.
- Wise’s account stack includes Wise Account and Wise Business, supporting multi-currency holdings, international moves, and abroad spend; customers hold both cash and Assets through the account.
- Wise expanded business currency coverage to **over 20 currencies** and introduced Quickpay, the QR-code feature for receiving money.
- Wise FY25 disclosed that some of the world’s leading banks, including [Morgan Stanley](https://coinlaw.io/morgan-stanley-statistics/) and Standard Chartered, are choosing to partner with Wise; the firm describes building “an entirely new network for the world’s money”.
- Wise has committed to investing **around £2 billion** over the next two years.

Product surfaceRevolutWiseMulti-currency accountyesWise Account / Wise BusinessCard paymentsdebit + tier benefitsWise debit cardInvestingStocks, ETFs, Bonds, CFDs, Revolut InvestWise Assets (USD account interest)SavingsFlexible Cash Funds, £9.8 billion depositsnot a standalone savings productCryptoyesnot coreBank-to-bank infrastructure partnersnot disclosedMorgan Stanley, Standard CharteredCapital reinvestment commitmentnot disclosed as a single figurearound £2 billion over the next two years## Recent Customer and Volume Growth Trajectory

- Wise FY24 baseline: **12.8 million** active customers and £118.5 billion in cross-border volume (+13% YoY) at year-end 31 March 2024.
- Wise FY25 trajectory: **15.6 million** active customers (+21%) and £145.2 billion in cross-border volume (+23%) at year-end 31 March 2025.
- Wise H1 FY26 trajectory: active customers have grown 18% to **13.4 million,** and cross-border volume has grown 24% to nearly £85 billion for the six months ended 30 September 2025.
- Revolut 2023 to FY24 trajectory: retail customers grew from 38.0 million to **52.5 million** (+38%); revenue rose to £3.1 billion (+72%); profit before tax rose from £438 million to £1,089 million (+149%).
- Revolut earned the **50 million** customer milestone celebration in London in 2024.
- At full UK banking licence approval in March 2026, Revolut Bank UK Ltd disclosed **up to 13 million** UK users, a UK-only sub-base within the wider Revolut retail count.
- Wise H1 FY26 referenced the **£32 trillion** annual market opportunity for cross-border payments as the addressable backdrop for further volume growth.
- Wise H1 FY26 cross-border volume of nearly £85 billion already covers more than half of FY25’s full-year £145.2 billion total before H2 reporting.

MetricRevolut FY23 to FY24Wise FY24 to FY25Wise H1 FY26Customers38.0 million to 52.5 million (+38%)12.8 million to 15.6 million (+21%)half-year 13.4 million (+18% YoY)Revenue / incomeup to £3.1 billion (+72%)£1,172.7 million to £1.4 billion (+16%)half-year £749.5 million (+13% YoY)Volumeup to £1 trillion (+52%)£118.5 billion to £145.2 billion (+23%)half-year nearly £85 billion (+24% YoY)PBT£438 million to £1,089 million (+149%)£242 million to £282 million underlying (+17%)margin 16.3% (top of 13-16%)> **The takeaway:** Revolut Group Holdings reported retail customers up 38% in FY24 against a 38.0 million base; Wise plc reported active customers up 21% in FY25, with Personal customers growing by 22% and Business customers up 11%. Pace and base differ, with Revolut adding raw retail count fastest and Wise compounding cross-border volume against a smaller, higher-value-per-user customer book.

## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

**Is Revolut a real bank?**Revolut Bank UK Ltd holds a full UK banking licence from the Prudential Regulation Authority since 11 March 2026, granting FSCS deposit protection up to £120,000 to its 13 million UK users. The PRA originally awarded a banking licence with restrictions on July 25, 2024, with the mobilisation phase including a £50,000 deposit cap during build-out. The mobilisation period lasted over 20 months, significantly longer than the typical 12 months.

 

**Does Wise have FSCS protection?**Wise customers hold more than £21.5 billion through the account in cash and Assets. EMI safeguarding segregates customer funds at credit institutions but is not insured by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme. The mechanism differs from Revolut Bank UK Ltd’s FSCS coverage.

 

**Which is cheaper for international transfers, Revolut or Wise?**Wise H1 FY26 reports an average cross-border take rate at 52 bps and 74% of transfers now completed instantly. Revolut bundles transfer-fee discounts into tiers, with Standard 20% discount, Plus 40% discount, and Premium, Metal, and Ultra offering free transfers. The cheapest path depends on volume, corridor, currency pair, and tier.

 

**How many customers do Revolut and Wise have?**Revolut Group Holdings reported 52.5 million retail customers in FY24, the year ended 31 December 2024. Wise plc reported 15.6 million active customers at FY25, the year ended 31 March 2025. Wise H1 FY26 (the six months ended 30 September 2025) showed 13.4 million active customers. The two firms file on different calendars.

 

**How much profit do Revolut and Wise make?**Revolut FY24 profit before tax reached £1,089 million, up 149% YoY, with Net Profit of £790 million. Wise FY25 underlying profit before tax was £282 million (+17% YoY) at an underlying margin of 21%, with reported profit before tax of £565 million. The numbers cover different fiscal year-ends.

 

**Is Revolut available in the US?**Revolut Bank UK Ltd’s full UK banking licence approval of 11 March 2026 covers UK operations. Revolut also operates in the United States, with US banking licence work tracked separately. The figures above remain UK-and group-level audited disclosures from Revolut Group Holdings and Revolut Bank UK Ltd; for US-specific filings, see Revolut’s US bank licence application on the coinlaw.io website.

 

 

## Conclusion

The audited side-by-side resolves to a clear data picture: Revolut Group Holdings closed FY24 with 52.5 million retail customers and £3.1 billion in revenue against Wise plc’s 15.6 million active customers and £1.4 billion in underlying income for FY25, a roughly 3.4x customer ratio that does not extend linearly to revenue, profit, or volume scope.

Across 12 data dimensions, customers, revenue, profit, volume, balances, currencies, licences, depositor protection, fees, products, and growth trajectory, the two firms operate different product surfaces under different regulatory regimes.

The PRA’s full-licence approval on **11 March 2026** marks Revolut Bank UK Ltd’s transition from mobilisation-phase EMI safeguarding to FSCS-protected deposit-taking, the regulatory shift that most distinguishes the two platforms going forward.