Financial Sanctions Statistics 2025: Hidden Numbers Exposed

Financial sanctions have become a core instrument of global policy, affecting everything from multinational banks to commodity trade. In one scenario, a U.S.-based financial institution faces multi-jurisdictional screening burdens when dealing with cross-border payments that touch sanctioned persons. In another, a supply-chain manager in Europe must re-route shipments due to new export-control sanctions imposed on a foreign entity. This article guides you through the current landscape with clear statistics and insight into how sanctions are evolving.

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• Globally, there were 79,830 sanctioned individuals and entities as of March 2025.
• Annual “sanctions inflation” (the year-on-year increase in sanctioned persons) is 17.1%, down from 18.9% a year earlier.
• The Global Sanctions Index (GSI) has reached a value of 446, representing a 446% increase since its base in Jan 2017.
• The share of sanctions based on United Nations consensus has fallen to approximately 1.2% of all sanctions.
• The trend of “hyper-divergence” in sanctions regimes is rising, coordination is weaker, and independent national sanctions are increasing.
• The number of explicit sanctions programmes tracked by LSEG is over 300 worldwide.
• Sanctions remain a major cost center for regulated financial services. Surveys show 43% of compliance leaders cite limited sanctions-screening capability as the biggest risk in 2025.

Recent Developments

• Growth in sanctions issuance moderated but remained elevated in H1 2025, per LexisNexis Risk Solutions.
• The U.S. plans to increase sanctions and export controls pressure on China throughout 2025.
• Sanctions against entities facilitating the Ukraine war, especially Russia-linked groups, remain a key focus.
• The UK designated about 269 ships under its Russia sanctions regime, with 159 ships designated in 2025 alone.
• Enforcement in the UK has shifted toward proactive investigations, with 240 active cases under review as of April 2025.
• Around 364 individuals, entities, and ships have been sanctioned by the UK targeting the Russia-Ukraine conflict since 2025.
• Third-country risks rise as non-core sanctioning jurisdiction firms face increased sanctions exposure.
• Regulatory fines globally in H1 2025 surged to $1.23 billion, a 417% increase vs. H1 2024, reflecting intensified sanctions enforcement.
• UK sanctions enforcement actions by OFSI increased, with 57 enforcement actions and £500,000 in penalties issued in 2025.

Main Limitations in Financial Crime Detection

• 45% cited siloed datasets as a key limitation, blocking the ability to connect related financial crime data.
• 45% reported a lack of real-time risk visibility, limiting timely response to suspicious activity.
• 44% pointed to poor data completeness or quality, making detection and investigation difficult.
• 43% struggled with screening against sanctions or watchlists, reducing effectiveness in catching high-risk individuals.
• 41% were unable to implement effective ongoing monitoring, hampering long-term detection strategies.
• 41% faced a lack of flexibility in monitoring rules, creating blind spots in evolving threat environments.
• 35% highlighted unclear regulatory expectations, leading to inconsistent compliance.
• 35% noted ineffective case management, which delays resolution and investigation.
• Only 1% said they had no limitations in their financial crime detection systems.

Global Overview of Financial Sanctions

• The Global Sanctions Index (GSI) base-index of January 2017 = 100 now stands at 446 as of March 2025.
• Since 2017, the number of sanctioned persons (legal and natural) has grown by approximately 346% (466% of base).
• The annual rate of increase (“inflation”) now is 17.1%, down slightly from early-year measurements.
• The UN-based sanctions share is historically low, around 1.2% of total sanctions as of March 2025.
• Autonomous national sanction regimes (e.g., U.S., EU, UK) now dominate the landscape rather than multilateral frameworks.
• Divergence between sanctioning jurisdictions is rising (“hyper-divergence”), increasing third-party risk.

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Total Number of Sanctioned Persons Worldwide

• As of March 2025, there are 79,830 sanctioned persons globally (deduplicated across lists).
• In March 2024, the figure was over 70,000, indicating growth of around 10,000+ year-on-year.
• In April 2023, the number was 60,000+, per earlier GSI editions.
• The year-on-year net additions in 2024/2025 are estimated in the mid-to-low thousands (≈10,000+).
• The deduplicated count excludes multiple designations of the same person across lists.
• The increase in sanctioned persons driving the GSI reflects both new designations and expansion of scope (legal persons, entities).
• The data pool tracks sanctions across natural persons (individuals) and legal persons (entities) in all known lists.
• The growth rate is slowing; for example, inflation was ~25% in 2023, compared with ~17% in 2025.

Ethnic Disparities in Sanctions Application and Outcomes

• White individuals accounted for 68% of cases where sanctions could be applied, and received 72% of all adverse decisions.
• Asian / Asian British individuals were eligible in 13% of sanctionable cases, but had a lower 10% share of adverse outcomes.
• Black / African / Caribbean / Black British individuals represented 9% in both sanction applicability and adverse decisions.
• Mixed / Multiple Ethnic Groups made up 4% of sanction eligibility, but received 5% of adverse decisions.
• Other Ethnic Groups appeared in 6% of sanctionable cases and had 5% of adverse outcomes.

Annual Trends in Financial Sanctions Issuance

• In early editions, annual sanctions inflation reached ~25% in 2023.
• For the period ending March 2025, the inflation rate stands at 17.1%, down from 18.9% a year earlier.
• In March 2024, the inflation rate was ~16%.
• The index value increased from ~370 in March 2024 to 446 in March 2025.
• The annual net growth in sanctioned persons has slowed, but the absolute level remains high, indicating sustained high-volume activity.
• National sanctioning bodies like the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) continue at an aggressive pace of designations, even as inflation moderates.
• Enforcement and delistings are also gaining attention, though net additions remain positive.
• The trend suggests a maturing sanctions landscape, from rapid growth to a phase of sustained high-volume issuance with slower acceleration.

Most Sanctioned Countries

• Russia has faced 23,960 unique sanctions actions since 2022’s invasion, with 2,700 sanctioned entities as of October 2025.
• China had the fastest growth in sanctions designations in 2024, up 96%, from 102 to 200.
• Iran remains among the top sanctioned states, with more than 5,000 sanctions historically.
• Countries such as North Korea, Syria and Belarus each report more than 1,000 active sanctions.
• According to the list of sanctioned countries by major regimes in 2025, the U.S., EU and UN list collectively more than 10 states subject to broad sanctions programmes.
• Data from the Center for a New American Security indicate that the U.S. alone had 742 designations on Russia in the past decade.
• In summary, while Russia remains the dominant target, China’s rapid increase and Iran’s sustained sanctions make them core focus areas in 2025.

Thematic Sanctions: Terrorism, Narcotics, Human Rights

• Sanctions for human-rights abuses and corruption increased by 45% over the last five years.
• Sanctions targeting terrorism financing expanded by 32% in 2025.
• Export controls on narcotics-related financial flows rose by 27% in 2025.
• Firms failing AML/KYC controls accounted for 22% of new sanctions under thematic programs in 2025.
• Targeted financial sanctions under AML frameworks for terror-financing rose by 35% in 2025.
• Dual-use goods export controls linked to arms trafficking sanctions grew by 18% in scope.
• Sanctions tied to human rights and corruption cases now comprise 28% of all thematic sanctions.
• Regulatory and compliance-driven sanctions grew faster than purely geopolitical sanctions by 15% in 2025.
• In 2025, sanctions enforcement actions specific to thematic programs rose by 25%.

Changes in Sanctions Policies by Major Jurisdictions (US, EU, UN, UK)

• The UK lowered the Oil Price Cap on Russian crude oil from $60 to $47.60 per barrel, effective September 2, 2025.
• The EU adopted its 19th sanctions package against Russia in October 2025, expanding asset freezes and export bans.
• US sanctions designations rose to over 17,000 entities and individuals by mid-2025, a 25% increase since 2023.
• US enforcement actions dropped by 16% to 396 breaches in the year ending 2024, while closed cases more than tripled to 242.
• OFAC tracks over 60 active sanctions programs across various sectors and regions as of 2025.

Sanctions Targeting Crypto Assets

• As of early 2025, OFAC had frozen or seized approximately $1.8 billion in crypto-assets under its sanctions programmes.
• The number of designated crypto wallets tracked by OFAC rose 32% year-on-year, reaching 1,245 wallets by Q1 2025.
• Inflows to illicit crypto addresses dropped from $21.9 billion in 2023 to $14.8 billion in 2024, a decline of about 33%.
• It is almost certain that UK crypto-asset firms have under-reported sanctions breaches since August 2022.
• In February 2025, crypto-asset theft linked to DPRK-affiliated actors amounted to about $1.5 billion.

Key Types of Financial Sanctions Imposed

• Asset freezes accounted for 52% of all financial sanctions imposed in 2025.
• Service prohibition cases increased by 28% in 2025.
• Investment bans expanded to include 14% more jurisdictions in 2025.
• Trade embargoes and export controls covered 85% of sanctioned goods and persons globally.
• Transport sanctions increased by 35%, targeting shipping and aircraft linked to sanctioned entities.
• Travel bans affecting designated individuals rose by 22% in 2025.
• Firms reported a 30% increase in compliance workload due to complex sanction types.
• Blocking bank accounts comprised 48% of restrictive measures in financial sanctions.
• Economic sectors affected by multi-type sanctions increased by 19% in 2025.

Country-Specific Financial Sanctions (Russia, China, Iran, etc.)

• For Russia, the EU’s 2025 sanctions package added 75 entities, bringing the total listing to over 2,400 individuals and firms.
• Russia’s maritime “shadow fleet” is increasingly targeted, with 189 vessels added to the EU sanctions list in 2025 alone.
• China, In the first half of 2025, China imported 1.5 million barrels per day (bpd) of Russian oil, an 80% increase compared to the same period in 2021.
• Iran, The U.S. sanctions programmes list shows Iran-related sanctions as “active” as of Nov 2025, reflecting ongoing escalations.
• UK’s enforcement data, 396 recorded cases of financial sanctions breaches in the UK for the year ending 2024, a 16% decrease from the previous year.
• The UK and EU jointly designed a roadmap to phase out Russian energy imports by the end of 2027, showing sanctions targeting energy revenue.

Trends in Entity-Based Export Controls

• BIS introduced the “50% Rule” in September 2025, covering entities owned ≥50% by listed parties.
• The number of Chinese entities blocklisted for export controls may increase from 1,300 to over 20,000.
• Global companies face a 30% increase in export violation risks due to broader entity definitions.
• Enforcement monitors re-exports, foreign subsidiaries, and extended end-use networks more proactively.
• The enhanced export-control regime blocks upstream flows of goods and technology to sanctioned entities.
• Compliance screening integration across financial, trade, and logistics sectors rose by 25% in 2025.
• Chinese export control laws now include a similar 50% ownership rule restricting licensing approvals.

Impact of Financial Sanctions on Global Trade

• World merchandise trade volume is expected to decline by 0.2% in 2025, down from a +2.9% expansion in 2024.
• Commercial services trade volume growth is forecast at 4.0% in 2025, down from 6.8% in 2024.
• Sanctions-driven trade disruption is contributing to the downgrade; recent tariffs and policy shifts have cut growth by nearly 3 percentage points.
• Businesses identify sanctions as a growing political risk in trade finance, affecting letters of credit, payment systems and bank guarantees.

Multi-Jurisdictional Sanctions Conflicts

• Over 99% of vessels sanctioned by the EU, UK, and US were flagged before official designation in 2025.
• Unilateral sanctions dominate with low coordination among sanctioning bodies globally.
• Firms face overlapping and conflicting obligations across jurisdictions more than 70% of the time.
• Secondary sanctions expose non-US firms to US penalties even if local laws allow certain activities.
• Multi-jurisdictional enforcement actions increased by 28% in 2025 compared to 2024.
• Legal uncertainty affects 65% of firms operating under multiple sanctions regimes.
• Jurisdictional arbitrage risk is a key concern for 85% of multinational companies in sanctions compliance.
• Compliance teams report 34% higher costs managing multi-jurisdictional sanctions conflicts.
• Simultaneous investigations by multiple regulators rose by 22% year-over-year.
• Managing conflicting sanctions regimes is a top compliance priority for 78% of global firms in 2025.

Regional Distribution of Financial Sanctions

• Only 1.2% of global sanctions originate under the United Nations.
• North America and Europe account for over 75% of global sanctioning activity.
• Asia-Pacific and “third-country” jurisdictions saw an increase of 28% in compliance burdens.
• North America’s contribution to global merchandise trade growth is projected to subtract 1.7 percentage points in 2025.
• Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia face rising spill-over risks from secondary sanctions.
• The UK is actively monitoring crypto-asset firms, with over 60 firms under scrutiny in 2025.
• Middle East and Central Asia are key nodes for sanctions evasion, involving $9 billion in shadow finance flows.
• Regional compliance strategies must consider geographic and sectoral heterogeneity, affecting 68% of global firms.
• Regulatory fragmentation means EU sanctions rules apply directly to 27 countries, whereas the Asia-Pacific has 17 autonomous sanctions programs.

Future Outlook for Global Financial Sanctions

• Sanctions inflation may end in 2025, with annual growth slowing to 5-7% globally.
• Enforcement focus will shift toward delisting, monitoring, and hybrid compliance regimes by 2026.
• Entity-based export controls and digital asset sanctions are expected to grow by 35% in the next five years.
• Secondary and tertiary sanctions risk causes a 25% rise in compliance complexity for non-US firms.
• Mid-sized firms’ sanctions compliance costs are projected to increase by 20-30% by 2027.
• ESG-linked sanctions related to human rights and supply chain diligence rose by 40% in 2025.
• Blockchain analytics and AI screening reduce sanctions monitoring lag times by up to 50%.
• AI-powered sanctions systems reduce false positives in screening by 30-40% while improving detection accuracy.
• Companies are shifting to dynamic sanctions-risk intelligence, with 60% adopting scenario planning tools.
• Regulatory uncertainties and divergence drive a 15% increase in sanctions-related operational risks.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Conclusion

Financial sanctions remain a powerful tool of global policy, but the landscape is shifting. While growth in numbers may slow, complexity, scope and enforcement are expanding. From crypto-asset freezing to entity-based export controls and trade-finance disruptions, the ripple effects span industries, geographies and business functions. Firms that treat sanctions as purely a checklist risk being exposed. Instead, they must build forward-looking risk frameworks that integrate compliance, strategy and supply-chain resilience.